Persistent mycotic superficial femoral artery pseudoaneurysm after endovascular treatment: a case report.

Mycotic pseudoaneurysms of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) are rare and are usually secondary to colonization of an atherosclerotic plaque during an episode of bacteremia. We describe the case of a 68 year-old diabetic male who presented to the Emergency Department with pyrexia and a painful expanding mass in the left thigh. He had a history of diarrhea and had been treated 16 days earlier for an SFA pseudoaneurysm that had been excluded with a covered stent with no adjunctive antibiotic therapy. Angio CT showed an abscess surrounding femoral vessels and stent thrombosis. Under general anesthesia, we performed extensive debridement, removal of the endovascular material, SFA ligation, and empirical antibiotic therapy. Blood and tissue cultures were positive for Escherichia coli. At the 3-months follow up visit, the patient reported he had no claudication. In selected patients, mycotic pseudoaneurysms can be treated by SFA ligation.

Pseudoaneurismas micóticos da artéria femoral superficial (AFS) são raros, e geralmente são secundários à colonização de uma placa aterosclerótica durante bacteremia. Relatamos o caso de um paciente masculino diabético de 68 anos que chegou ao Serviço de Emergência com pirexia e massa expansiva dolorosa na coxa esquerda. Apresentava histórico de diarreia e havia sido tratado 16 dias antes para pseudoaneurisma da AFS, que foi excluído com stent coberto e sem antibioticoterapia adjuvante. A angiotomografia computadorizada demonstrou um abscesso ao redor dos vasos femorais e trombose do stent. Sob anestesia geral, realizamos desbridamento extenso, remoção do material endovascular, ligadura de AFS e antibioticoterapia empírica. Culturas de sangue e tecidos foram positivas para Escherichia coli. Na consulta de seguimento aos 3 meses, o paciente negou claudicação. Em pacientes selecionados, pseudoaneurismas micóticos podem ser tratados com ligadura de AFS.

Persistent mycotic superficial femoral artery pseudoaneurysm after endovascular treatment: a case report / Pseudoaneurisma micótico persistente da artéria femoral superficial após tratamento endovascular: relato de caso

Abstract Mycotic pseudoaneurysms of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) are rare and are usually secondary to colonization of an atherosclerotic plaque during an episode of bacteremia. We describe the case of a 68 year-old diabetic male who presented to the Emergency Department with pyrexia and a painful expanding mass in the left thigh. He had a history of diarrhea and had been treated 16 days earlier for an SFA pseudoaneurysm that had been excluded with a covered stent with no adjunctive antibiotic therapy. Angio CT showed an abscess surrounding femoral vessels and stent thrombosis. Under general anesthesia, we performed extensive debridement, removal of the endovascular material, SFA ligation, and empirical antibiotic therapy. Blood and tissue cultures were positive for Escherichia coli. At the 3-months follow up visit, the patient reported he had no claudication. In selected patients, mycotic pseudoaneurysms can be treated by SFA ligation.

Resumo Pseudoaneurismas micóticos da artéria femoral superficial (AFS) são raros, e geralmente são secundários à colonização de uma placa aterosclerótica durante bacteremia. Relatamos o caso de um paciente masculino diabético de 68 anos que chegou ao Serviço de Emergência com pirexia e massa expansiva dolorosa na coxa esquerda. Apresentava histórico de diarreia e havia sido tratado 16 dias antes para pseudoaneurisma da AFS, que foi excluído com stent coberto e sem antibioticoterapia adjuvante. A angiotomografia computadorizada demonstrou um abscesso ao redor dos vasos femorais e trombose do stent. Sob anestesia geral, realizamos desbridamento extenso, remoção do material endovascular, ligadura de AFS e antibioticoterapia empírica. Culturas de sangue e tecidos foram positivas para Escherichia coli. Na consulta de seguimento aos 3 meses, o paciente negou claudicação. Em pacientes selecionados, pseudoaneurismas micóticos podem ser tratados com ligadura de AFS.

Trombosis focal de vena femoral común: manifestación (jjVmssMark inicial de linfoma no Hodgkin difuso de células grandes B / Focal thrombosis of common femoral vein: initial manifestation of diffuse large B cell lymphoma

Resumen La trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) es una enfermedad frecuente que afecta anualmente al 0,1-0,3% de la población general; además es una causa importante de morbimortalidad en el paciente oncológico. La TVP se produce con más frecuencia en la fase de tratamiento en la que se asocian los efectos protrombóticos del proceso neoplásico y de la quimioterapia. En un menor número de casos se identifica en el diagnóstico o incluso puede ser su primer síntoma. Una TVP focal secundaria a compresión extrínseca y desestructuración de los tejidos circundantes eleva la sospecha de un proceso maligno. Se presenta un caso de TVP focal como primomanifestación de un linfoma no Hodgkin difuso de células grandes B.

Abstract Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a common disease that annually affects 0.1-0.3% of the general population; It is also a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. DVT occurs more frequently in the treatment phase in which they are associated with the neoplastic prothrombotic process and effects of chemotherapy. In a small number of cases it is identified in the diagnosis or it may even be its first symptom. A secondary focal DVT extrinsic compression and destruction of surrounding tissue raises the suspicion of a malignant process. A case is presented of a focal DVT that was the first manifestation a non-Hodgkin's diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Impact of Implantation Defects on Intermediate Outcome of Supera Stent for Popliteal Artery Stenosis.

BACKGROUND: This study reports our experience during the first 50 cases of use of Supera stent for popliteal atherosclerotic lesions treatment. METHODS: This prospective single-arm trial enrolled the first 50 limbs (46 patients) treated in our center with a Supera stent for symptomatic atherosclerotic disease of the popliteal artery and a follow-up longer than 12 months. RESULTS: Tissue loss (43.5%) was the most common primary indication for intervention, followed by claudication (37.0%) and rest pain (19.5%). Stent implantation was successful in all patients. The majority of lesions were Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) II type D lesions (64%). The lesions treated were localized in P3 zone in 64%, P2 zone in 28%, and P1 zone in 8%. One runoff vessel was the most common situation (42%). Mean follow-up was 16.5 months (range 12-46). The mean preoperative ankle-brachial index increased from 0.38 + 0.37 before intervention to 0.63 + 0.86 postoperatively at 12 months (P = 0.014). Primary patency rates at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months were 95.9%, 91.7%, 89.6%, and 89.6%, and primary assisted patency rates were 95.9%, 93.8%, 93.8%, and 93.8%, respectively. In-stent restenosis was associated with the following: patient <75 years (P = 0.023), female sex (P = 0.032), and TASC-II D lesions (P = 0.041). Implantation defects did not constitute a risk factor for stent restenosis. CONCLUSIONS: The implantation of the interwoven nitinol stents in patients with popliteal occlusive disease is safe and effective, with encouraging patency rates and clinical results after a 12-month follow-up. In our experience, we have not seen significant differences in patency at 1-year follow-up in patients with implantation defects.

Nueva escala de predicción de mortalidad en los aneurismas de aorta abdominal rotos / New scale for predicting mortality in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms

INTRODUCCIÓN: Conocer la utilidad de las escalas de riesgo de mortalidad para el tratamiento endovascular de los pacientes con aneurisma de aorta abdominal roto. Diseñar una escala de riesgo específica. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de 61 pacientes intervenidos mediante reparación endovascular de aneurisma de aorta abdominal roto entre 2009 y 2014. Se recogieron variables preoperatorias y de mortalidad intrahospitalaria, así como las escalas Hardman, GAS, Vancouver y ERAS. RESULTADOS: La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue del 45,9%. El estudio univariante obtuvo como factores pronósticos la edad, el sexo varón, la hipertensión arterial, el hábito tabáquico, la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, la tensión arterial sistólica < 90 mmHg, la frecuencia cardiaca y la pérdida de conciencia. Tras la realización del análisis multivariante, la variables significativas fueron la edad (p = 0,021), la presión arterial sistólica (p = 0,004) y la frecuencia cardiaca (p = 0,050). Las escalas GAS (76,79 ± 9,88 vs. 90,43 ± 14,76; p = 0,001), Vancouver (4,41 ± 0,62 vs. 4,83 ± 0,55; p = 0,007) y ERAS (0,06 ± 0,24 vs. 0,86 ± 0,76; p = 0,001) resultaron estadísticamente diferentes en los pacientes fallecidos. La escala resultante de la siguiente fórmula: 0,083 + 0,158 (si edad > 80 años) + 0,701 (si tensión arterial< 80 mmHg) + 0,598 (si frecuencia cardiaca< 70 lat/min) obtuvo un área bajo la curva de 0,95. CONCLUSIONES: Edad, presión sistólica y frecuencia cardiaca constituyen factores predictores de mortalidad intrahospitalaria de los pacientes con aneurisma de aorta abdominal roto tratados mediante exclusión endovascular. La aplicación de la escala propuesta en el presente estudio, en combinación con las escalas GAS, Vancouver y ERAS, permite conocer los pacientes que no se beneficiarían de tratamiento endovascular

INTRODUCTION: To determine the usefulness of mortality risk scores for the endovascular treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. METHODS: Retrospective study of 61 patients undergoing endovascular repair between 2009 and 2014. Preoperative variables and in-hospital mortality were collected. The Hardman, GAS, Vancouver and ERAS scales were calculated. RESULTS: In-hospital mortality was 45.9%. The univariate predictors obtained were age, male sex, hypertension, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg, heart rate and loss of consciousness. After completing the multivariate analysis, significant variables were age (P=.021), systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg (P = .004) and heart rate (P = .050). The GAS (76.79 ± 9.88 vs. 90.43 ± 14.76, P=.001), Vancouver (4.41 ± 0.62 vs. 4.83 ± 0.55, P =.007) and ERAS scales (0.06 ± 0.24 vs. 0.86 ± 0.76, P = .001) were statistically different between the groups. The scale resulting from the following formula: 0.083 + 0.158 (if age > 80 years) + 0.701 (if systolic blood pressure < 80 mmHg) + 0.598 (if heart rate < 70 beats/min); obtained an area under the curve of 0.95. CONCLUSIONS: Age, systolic pressure and heart rate, are predictors of hospital mortality of patients treated with endovascular repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. Applying the scale proposed in this study, in combination with GAS, Vancouver and ERAS scales, allows the detection of patients who would not benefit from endovascular treatment

New scale for predicting mortality in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. / Nueva escala de predicción de mortalidad en los aneurismas de aorta abdominal rotos.

INTRODUCTION: To determine the usefulness of mortality risk scores for the endovascular treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. METHODS: Retrospective study of 61 patients undergoing endovascular repair between 2009 and 2014. Preoperative variables and in-hospital mortality were collected. The Hardman, GAS, Vancouver and ERAS scales were calculated. RESULTS: In-hospital mortality was 45.9%. The univariate predictors obtained were age, male sex, hypertension, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, systolic blood pressure <90mmHg, heart rate and loss of consciousness. After completing the multivariate analysis, significant variables were age (P=.021), systolic blood pressure <90mmHg (P=.004) and heart rate (P=.050). The GAS (76.79±9.88 vs. 90.43±14.76, P=.001), Vancouver (4.41±0.62 vs. 4.83±0.55, P=.007) and ERAS scales (0.06±0.24 vs. 0.86±0.76, P=.001) were statistically different between the groups. The scale resulting from the following formula: 0.083+0.158 (if age>80 years)+0.701 (if systolic blood pressure<80mmHg)+0.598 (if heart rate<70 beats/min); obtained an area under the curve of 0.95. CONCLUSIONS: Age, systolic pressure and heart rate, are predictors of hospital mortality of patients treated with endovascular repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. Applying the scale proposed in this study, in combination with GAS, Vancouver and ERAS scales, allows the detection of patients who would not benefit from endovascular treatment.

Fístula aortoesofágica secundaria a endoprótesis torácica: a propósito de 3 casos y revisión de la literatura / Aortoesophageal fistula secondary to a thoracic endoprosthesis: A presentation of 3 cases and a review of the literature

La reparación endovascular de aorta torácica (TEVAR) es una modalidad mínimamente invasiva y generalmente excelente de tratar aneurismas torácicos, disecciones o roturas aórticas postraumáticas. La fístula aortoesofágica (FAE) es una causa altamente letal de sangrado masivo y constituye una complicación catastrófica tras una TEVAR. La incidencia de FAE tras TEVAR ha sido situada entre el 5 y el 10,53%. En este artículo aportamos 3 casos de de FAE tras TEVAR y nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento de las mismas. Se incluye además una revisión de la literatura disponible. Estos hallazgos enfatizan la importancia de la infección mediastínica, el tratamiento quirúrgico del esófago y el reemplazamiento de la aorta. El tratamiento debe ser quirúrgico, puesto que las estrategias conservadoras han demostrado un desenlace casi invariablemente fatal. Futuros desarrollos en el diseño de las endoprótesis y los materiales, así como el evitar un sobredimensionamiento excesivo, pueden reducir la aparición de esta desastrosa complicación (AU)

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is a minimally invasive, and generally excellent, technique to treat thoracic aortic aneurysms, dissections, or traumatic aortic transections. Aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) is a highly lethal cause of massive bleeding and a catastrophic complication after TEVAR. The incidence of AEF after TEVAR has been reported as between 5% and 10.53%. We present 3 cases of AEF after TEVAR, and our experience with management and outcome of these patients. A review of the recent literature has been included. These findings emphasize the importance of mediastinal infection, esophageal surgical management, and aorta replacement. Management should be surgical, since the outcome under conservative management seems almost invariably fatal. Future developments in endoprosthesis design and material, and avoidance of over sizing will hopefully reduce the occurrence of this disastrous complication (AU)